Halton Arp — “Chip” to his friends — died in Munich on December 28, 2013, and with him a cosmological banner has fallen to the ground. It’s a banner that younger astronomers may choose to take up. If they do, however, they should be cautious: it could mean the end of their careers. As a graduate adviser once remarked to me, “Any student or astronomer who pursues Arp’s work is asking for it.” Why? Because when it comes to standard cosmological theory, Arp is, or was, a renegade of the first order.
Quasars, he claimed, are not the highly energetic cores of very distant galaxies that astronomers declare them to be. They are actually fairly nearby, and ejected from active galactic nuclei. The big bang? Never happened. The universe, as his colleagues Geoffrey Burbidge and Fred Hoyle also contended when they were alive, has always been here in a steady state of existence. The cosmic microwave background radiation? That’s not the afterglow of the big bang fireball, it’s the limiting temperature of space heated by all the stars in all the galaxies in the universe. In the minds of conventional astronomers, these are the thoughts of an apostate, a heretic, a crank, and a crackpot, and Arp was called all these names and more. “Stay away from that lunatic,” an astronomer once pointedly warned me.
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